Shutter activation system

ABSTRACT

A shutter includes at least one shutter blade, a magnet moveably connected to the at least one shutter blade, and a solenoid defining a gap between a first pole and a second pole. The solenoid is configured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap in a first state and to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to shutter assemblies and moreparticularly to photographic-type shutter assemblies that rely onelectromagnetic forces to open and close.

2. Description of Related Art

Electrically operated lens shutters used in various types ofphotographic and laboratory equipment are well known in the art. Lensshutters especially adapted for high speed opening and closing canoperate in fractions of a second. An open/close cycle can take place in30-40 milliseconds or less and repeated cycles at frequencies of 30cycles per second are common.

Lens shutters generally are of two types. In one type, a so-called“guillotine” shutter has one or two thin, metal blades or leavesarranged to cover a lens opening. Pivot connections allow each blade toswing between a closed position where the blades cover the lens openingand an open position where the blades are drawn aside from the lensopening.

In a second type of shutter, a plurality of pivotally mounted blades arearranged around the lens opening. Each blade is connected to a rotatabledrive ring. In the operation of these shutters, the rotation of thedrive ring in one direction causes the blades to swing in unison to anopen position. Counter rotation of the ring swings the blades to aclosed position over the lens opening after exposure. Generally a linearelectric motor is used to activate the shutter. When activated, thelinear motor pulls on a lever arm that rotates the drive ring to openthe shutter. To close the shutter the motor is deactivated and a springcauses the counter rotation of the drive ring to close the shutter. Asnoted above, shutters of this sort can cycle open and close 30 times persecond.

In some applications, however, space is limited. Space limitations,particularly in the region of the shutter opening, dictate theparameters of size and placement of components for opening and closingthe shutter. For example, components placed near the shutter openingmust have a relatively low profile so as not to interfere with the coneangle of the light passing through the open shutter. Space limitationsalso complicate the substitution of one shutter assembly for another asin changing shutter size while maintaining the same base structure.

As noted above, existing shutter assemblies typically mechanicallycouple a linear electric motor to the shutter for opening and closingthe lens opening. However, for proper operation, particularly at highspeeds, the mechanical linkage must be precisely made and the movementof the linkage must be dampened by relatively large dampeningassemblies.

Alternatively, other known shutter assemblies may utilizeelectromagnetic energy to open and close the shutter. For example, suchassemblies may include a permanent magnet disposed on a drive ring and apair of spaced solenoids disposed above the permanent magnet. A polarityof an operative end of the first solenoid can be opposite that of anoperative end of the second solenoid, such that the permanent magnet isattracted to one of the solenoids and repelled by the other. Thesolenoids can be energized to switch polarities, to effectuate amovement of the permanent magnet between a first position proximate thefirst solenoid and a second position proximate the second solenoid.

Such assemblies may be configured to open and close shutters atrelatively high speeds without damaging the shutter blades. However,such assemblies generally require that the solenoid be situated in atier or layer of the shutter assembly separate from, and either above orbelow, the permanent magnet. This necessarily increases the overallthickness of the shutter assembly.

Accordingly, the disclosed system and method are directed towardsovercoming one or more of the problems set forth above.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a shutter includesat least one shutter blade, a magnet moveably connected to the at leastone shutter blade, and a solenoid defining a gap between a first poleand a second pole. The solenoid is configured to controllably draw themagnet into the gap in a first state and to controllably repel themagnet from the gap in a second state.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a shutterincludes a plurality of shutter blades moveable between an open positionand a closed position, a magnet moveably connected to each shutter bladeof the plurality of shutter blades, and a solenoid having a first facedefining a first pole, and a second face facing the first face anddefining a second pole. The first and second faces lie in a planesubstantially parallel to the plurality of shutter blades and thesolenoid defines a central axis perpendicular to the plane. The magnetis configured to move in a path coplanar with the solenoid andsubstantially perpendicular to the central axis in response to apolarity of at least one of the first and second poles.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a method ofcontrolling a shutter includes drawing a portion of a magnet into a gapdefined by first and second poles of a solenoid. Drawing the portion ofthe magnet into the gap causes a plurality of shutter blades moveablyconnected to the magnet to move to an open position. The method alsoincludes repelling the portion of the magnet from the gap. Repelling theportion of the magnet from the gap causes the plurality of shutterblades to move to a closed position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a shutter, with portions removed, according toan exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure with portions removed.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the shutter of FIG. 1, as seen fromsection line 2-2 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shutter, with portions removed,according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a shutter, with portions removed, according tostill another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the shutter of FIG. 4, as seen fromsection line 5-5 in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows a portion of the shutter illustrated in FIG. 4 withportions removed.

FIG. 7 is an additional view of the shutter illustrated in FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the shutter illustrated in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows a portion of the shutter illustrated in FIG. 7 withportions removed.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a shutter according to anotherexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is shows a portion of the shutter illustrated in FIG. 10 withportions removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a shutter 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The shutter 10 is a type that can be used in anyphotographic, scientific or calibration application that requires one ormore cycles of opening and closing of a shutter opening by driving oneor more shutter blades across an opening.

The shutter 10 includes a base plate 12 defining a shutter opening 14.In an exemplary embodiment, the shutter opening 14 is a circularaperture having a central axis 36. Light is selectively occluded frompassing through and is allowed to pass through the shutter opening 14 bymoving a plurality of shutter blades 16 (usually five) in a pivotingaction across the shutter opening 14. The shutter blades 16 preferablyall move in a single shutter plane, which is normal to the central axis36 of the shutter opening 14. In prior art shutters, the shutter bladesare operated by a linear motor mounted to the base plate. The motor actsthrough a mechanical linkage to rotate a driver plate or drive ring,wherein the rotation of the driver plate in a to-and-fro motion acts tomove the shutter blades to selectively reveal and cover the shutteropening.

An exemplary shutter 10 of the present disclosure also uses a drive ring18 such as those conventionally used. A portion of the drive ring 18 isseen in FIG. 1 through the removed portion of the base plate 12. Thedrive ring 18 has an opening 20 that aligns with the shutter opening 14so as not to impinge on the shutter opening. Extending from the drivering are pins (not shown) that extend into a corresponding cam slot (notshown) formed in each of the shutter blades 16. With this arrangement,the rotation of the drive ring 18 to and fro about a drive ringrotational axis that is co-linear with the central axis 36 of the lensopening 14 will cause the shutter blades 16 to pivot between open andclosed positions. The closed position is shown in FIG. 1.

As also shown in FIG. 1, the shutter 10 includes a permanent magnet 24in communication with the drive ring 18, and a solenoid 26 arrangedproximate the permanent magnet 24. The permanent magnet 24 and thesolenoid 26 preferably cooperate to actuate the drive ring 18 about thedrive ring rotational axis discussed above.

The solenoid 26 generally is made up of a wire 28 wound about a core 30.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the solenoid 26 isgenerally arcuate and has an inner diameter larger than the diameter ofthe shutter opening. Accordingly, the solenoid 26 can be disposed in theshutter 10 about the shutter opening 14 without interfering with theshutter opening 14. In an exemplary embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the solenoid 26 can be substantially C-shaped and may spanmore than about 270-degrees of rotation about the central axis 36. Thesubstantial C-shape terminates at operative faces 32 a, 32 b. Theoperative faces 32 a, 32 b are spaced by a gap 34 because the solenoid26 does not form a complete circle around the shutter opening 36. Atleast a portion of the permanent magnet 24 preferably is disposed in thegap 34 between the first and second operative faces 32 a, 32 b. Ends ofthe wire 28 forming the solenoid 26 are disposed as leads proximate thefirst and second operative faces 32 a, 32 b, and the leads are connectedto a solenoid driver 38. When the driver 38 applies a current to thesolenoid 26 via the wire 28, the operative faces 32 a, 32 b becomeoppositely polarized. More specifically, when a first current is appliedto the solenoid 26, the first operative face 32 a takes on a firstpolarity, i.e., a north or south polarity, and the second operative face32 b takes on an opposite polarity.

The permanent magnet 24 preferably is mounted to the drive ring 18, andat least a portion of the magnet 24 preferably is disposed in the gap 34formed between the first and second operative faces 32 a, 32 b of thesolenoid 26. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet 24 isarranged with its polar axis 25, i.e., the axis through both the firstand second poles of the permanent magnet 24, substantially parallel tothe central axis 36. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the northpole of the magnet 24 is arranged above the south pole, and the northpole is disposed in the gap 34 between the first and second operativefaces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26. The south pole may be disposed awayfrom the gap 34, below the solenoid 26.

In operation and with the shutter 10 in a closed position as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, the magnet 24 may be attracted to and may be generallyaligned adjacent the first operative face 32 a. When a first current isapplied to the solenoid 26, a north pole is created at the firstoperative face 32 a of the solenoid 26 and a south pole is created atthe second operative face 32 b. Because the north pole of the permanentmagnet 24 is disposed between the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of thesolenoid 26, the magnet 24 will be repelled by the first operative face32 a, and will be attracted by the second operative face 32 b, therebymoving from a position proximate the first operative face 32 a to aposition proximate the second operative face 32 b. Such movement isillustrated by arrow 44. Because the permanent magnet 24 is connected tothe drive ring 18, movement of the magnet 24 drives the drive ring 18about the drive ring rotation axis to open the shutter blades 16. Oncethe shutter blades 16 open, light is permitted to pass through theshutter opening 14.

De-energizing the solenoid 26 will allow the shutter blades 16 to remainin an open position until the current applied to the solenoid 26 isreversed because the permanent magnet 24 will continue to be attractedto the second operative face 32 b. Accordingly, to close the shutterblades 16, and thereby occlude light through the shutter opening 14, thedriver 38 can be operated to reverse the polarity of the solenoid 26.Reversing the polarity may form a north pole at the second operativeface 32 b, thereby repelling the permanent magnet 24 away from thesecond operative face 32 b. Reversing the polarity may also form a southpole at the first operative face 32 a and may attract the permanentmagnet 24 thereto. Movement of the magnet from the second operative face32 b to the first operative face 32 a is illustrated by arrow 46.

As should be understood, delaying the reversal of the current will allowthe shutter 10 to remain in the open position for the time of the delay.Conversely, reversing the current soon after opening will cause theshutter 10 to open and close quickly.

In an exemplary embodiment to the present disclosure, the motion of thedrive ring 18 may be stopped when the permanent magnet 24 contacts oneof the first and second operative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26.Appropriate sizing of the gap 34 and of the permanent magnet 24 willensure that contact prevents over-rotation of the drive ring 18 past thefully-closed or the fully-open positions of the shutter blades 16.Alternatively, the shutter 10 may include other mechanical stops orabutting surfaces that stop rotation of the drive ring 18.

The shutter 10 may also include a damper to avoid slamming of componentsinto each other. For example, when the permanent magnet 24 is to bemoved between the open and closed positions, the movement of thepermanent magnet 24 could be slowed by alternating the current appliedto the solenoid 26, for example, to alternately attract and repel thepermanent magnet 24 as it approaches one of the operative faces 32 a, 32b. For example, as the magnet 24 is about to contact one of theoperative faces 32 a, 32 b, a pulse could be applied to the solenoid 26to repel the permanent magnet 24 to slow the movement of the permanentmagnet 24, thereby acting on the permanent magnet 24 as a magneticbrake.

As discussed above, the shutter 10 may be configured such that the northpole of the magnet 24 is disposed in the gap 34. In an additionalexemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, however, the magnet 24could be inverted such that the south pole of the magnet 24 is disposedin the gap 34 and the north pole of the magnet 24 is spaced either aboveor below the gap 34. In such an exemplary embodiment, however, becausethe operative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26 may be controlled tohave opposite polarities, only one pole of the magnet 24 may be disposedin the gap 34 between the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26so that each operative face 32 a, 32 b “sees” the same polarity of themagnet 24. In addition, in each of the embodiments discussed above, thesolenoid 26 may be disposed on a first surface of the drive ring 18, andthe shutter blades 16 may be disposed on a second, oppositely-facing,surface of the drive ring 18. The permanent magnet 24 may be mounted toprotrude from the first surface of the drive ring 18.

FIG. 3 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In this embodiment, two solenoids 26, 26′ are provided in ashutter 100. The second solenoid 26′ is substantially identical to thefirst solenoid 26, described above, and the two solenoids 26, 26′ may bedisposed proximate first 40 and second 42 oppositely-facing surfaces ofthe drive ring 18, respectively. Also in this embodiment, the permanentmagnet 24 may be disposed through the drive ring 18, such that a firstend of the magnet 24 is disposed in the gap 34 between operative faces32 a, 32 b of the first solenoid 26 and a second end of the magnet 24 isdisposed in the gap 34′ between operative faces 32 a′, 32 b′ of thesecond solenoid 26′. The shutter 100 illustrated in FIG. 3 may functionsubstantially similarly to the shutter 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,and the presence of the second solenoid 26′ may assist in providingadditional force for the actuation of the permanent magnet 24. As aresult, the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 may be utilizedin applications in which the shutter component being actuated by thepermanent magnet 24 requires a greater amount of force to move. Suchembodiments may include those in which a large number of shutter blade16 are used.

FIG. 4 illustrates a shutter 200 according to yet another exemplaryembodiment of the present disclosure. Where possible, like referencenumbers have been used to describe the components of the shutter 200.Although not shown in FIG. 4, it is understood that the shutter 200 mayalso include a cover mounted to the base plate 12.

As shown in FIGS. 4 through 11, the shutter 200 can include a pluralityof shutter blades 16 pivotally mounted and/or otherwise connected to abase plate 12. The shutter 200 can also include a magnet 50 such as, forexample, a permanent magnet that is movably and/or otherwise connectedto at least one of the shutter blades 16. The shutter 200 can alsoinclude a solenoid 26 defining a gap 34 between a first pole and asecond pole. As will be described below, the solenoid 26 may beconfigured to controllably draw the magnet 50 into the gap 34 in a firststate and to controllably repel the magnet 50 from the gap 34 in asecond state. Such states may be defined by the respective polarities ofpoles defined by the solenoid 26. The solenoid 26 may also be configuredso as to extend along and/or otherwise lie in a plane 62 substantiallyparallel to the plurality of shutter blades 16. The solenoid 26 may,thus, define a central axis 60 that is perpendicular to the plane 62.

The plurality of shutter blades 16 may be made from, for example,hardened aluminum, cold-rolled steel, stainless steel, titanium, and/orany other metal or alloy commonly used in shutters for photographic,scientific, or calibration applications. The shutter 200 may include anydesirable number of shutter blades 16 known in the art. For example,although FIGS. 4 through 11 illustrate only two shutter blades 16, it isunderstood that the shutter 200 can include at least one shutter blade16, or more than two shutter blades 16 depending upon the application inwhich the shutter 200 is being used. Accordingly, the shutter blades 16can have any shape, size, and/or other configuration known in the art.The shutter blades 16 can be, for example half-moon shaped, teardropshaped, substantially triangular, substantially square, substantiallyrectangular, and/or any other shape known in the art. The shutter blades16 may preferably be as thin as possible so as to reduce a profile ofthe shutter 200. The shutter blades 16 may be pivotally, rotatably,and/or otherwise movably connected to the base plate 12 in anyway knownin the art. For example, the shutter 200 may include a pin 52 fixedlyattached to base plate 12, and each of the shutter blades 16 may beconfigured to rotate about the pin 52 between an open position (shown inFIG. 4) and a closed position (shown in FIG. 7). When in the openposition, the shutter blades 16 may permit light to pass through theshutter opening 14 defined by the base plate 12. Likewise, when in theclosed position, the shutter blades 16 may occlude light from passingthrough the shutter opening 14. It is understood that the shutter 200may include additional pins 52, and each of the shutter blades 16 may bepivotally connected to at least one pin 52.

The base plate 12 of the shutter 200 may be substantially disc-shaped,substantially square, substantially rectangular, and/or any other shapeknown in the art. The base plate 12 may define one or more channelswithin which components of the shutter 200 may be disposed. For example,one or more channels of the base plate 12 may support, accept, and/orotherwise house the solenoid 26 and/or the magnet 50. The base plate 12may be made from any metals, plastics, alloys, polymers, and/or othermaterials known in the art, and at least a portion of the base plate 12may be made from a substantially non-magnetic metal or alloy. Asdiscussed above with respect to the shutter blades 16, it may bedesirable for the base plate 12 to be as thin as possible to as tominimize the overall dimensions of the shutter 200.

As shown in FIGS. 4 through 11, the magnet 50 may be movably connectedto each shutter blade 16 of the plurality of shutter blades and may bemovable within, for example, a channel defined by the base plate 12. Asdiscussed above, the magnet 50 may be any type of magnet known in theart such as, for example, a permanent magnet having a north pole and asouth pole. The magnet 50 may have any shape, size, and/or otherconfiguration known in the art. For example, the magnet 50 may be sizedand/or shaped to facilitate rapid movement of the shutter blades 16. Asshown in at least FIGS. 5, 6, 8, and 9, the magnet 50 may define atleast one knob 66 movably disposed within each slot 54 of the shutterblades 16. In an exemplary embodiment, the knob 66 may protrude from atop portion of the magnet 50 and the knob 66 may be substantiallycylindrical in shape so as to reduce the friction created by movement ofthe knob 66 within the slots 54. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in anotherexemplary embodiment, the knob 66 may be omitted and the magnet 50itself may be substantially cylindrical. In such an embodiment, themagnet 50 may define a portion movably disposed within each slot 54, andthe slots 54 may be sized and/or otherwise configured to move relativeto the rounded portion of the magnet 50 disposed therein.

It is understood that the slots 54 may be shaped, sized, and/orotherwise configured to accept movement of any portion of the magnet 50disposed therein. Accordingly, movement of a portion of the magnet 50,such as the knob 66, within the slots 54, may assist in transitioningthe shutter blades 16 between the open position (FIG. 4) and the closedposition (FIG. 7).

As shown in at least FIGS. 6, 9, and 11, the magnet 50 may include aflat surface defining a north pole N and another flat surface defining asouth pole S. The flat surfaces defining the poles N, S of the magnet 50may be disposed adjacent to the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of thesolenoid 26. The magnet 50 may also define a center line 70 passingthrough the midpoint and/or magnetic center of the north and south polesN, S. In an exemplary embodiment, the center line 70 may besubstantially perpendicular to the flat surfaces of the magnet 50defining the north pole N and the south pole S. In the embodiment shownin FIGS. 10 and 11, the slots 54 (not shown) may fit over the flatsurfaces of the magnet 50 such that only the rounded portion of themagnet 50 contacts the shutter blades 16 to assist in the transitionbetween the open and closed positions.

The magnet 50 may be configured to move in the direction of arrow 56(FIGS. 4-6) to transition the shutter blades 16 into the open position,and the magnet 50 may be configured to move in the direction of arrow 58(FIGS. 7-9) to transition the shutter blades 16 into the closedposition. The shutter 200 may also include one or more stops 64, 65configured to limit and/or restrict the movement of the magnet 50 in thedirection of arrow 56 and arrow 58. The stops 64, 65 may be fixedlydisposed within the base plate 12 and may be any structure known in theart configured to limit and/or restrict the movement of a movablestructure disposed proximate thereto. The stops 64, 65 may be made fromany dampening material known in the art such as, for example, rubber,plastics, and/or polymers. The stops 64, 65 may be non-brittle and maybe configured to tolerate repeated impacts with one or more moving partssuch as, for example, the magnet 50 of the shutter 200. In an exemplaryembodiment, the stops 64, 65 may comprise one or more dampers configuredto limit and/or otherwise restrict the travel of the magnet 50 relativeto the gap 34. In such an exemplary embodiment, the stops 64, 65 maysoften the impact of the magnet 50 as it transitions the shutter blades16 between the open position and the closed position. The stops 64, 65may have any shape, size, and/or other configuration known in the artconfigured to assist in dampening the impact of the magnet 50. Forexample, the stops 64, 65 may comprise one or more nylon set screwsconfigured to dampen the magnet 50 upon impact therewith.

In an exemplary embodiment, the stops 64, 65 may be positioned withinthe base plate 12 so as to prohibit the north pole N and south pole S ofthe magnet 50 from moving into a position aligned with, for example,magnetic poles defined by the first and second operative faces 32 a, 32b of the solenoid 26, respectively. In such an exemplary embodiment, thesolenoid 26 and/or the core 30 may define a center line 68 passingthrough the magnetic center of the poles defined by the first and secondoperative faces 32 a, 32 b. The first and second operative faces 32 a,32 b may have opposite polarities and the polarities of these poles maybe controlled by the driver 38 (FIGS. 1-3). Accordingly, in such anexemplary embodiment, the stop 65 may be positioned to prohibit themagnetic poles N, S of the magnet 50 from moving into alignment with themagnetic poles defined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid26. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 11, the stop 65 may prohibitthe center line 70 of the poles N, S of the magnet 50 from aligning withthe center line 68 of the poles defined by the operative faces 32 a, 32b, respectively. Thus, when the shutter blades 16 are in the openposition, the permanent magnet 50 may be prohibited from fully enteringthe gap 34 and the magnetic center line 70 of the poles N, S of themagnet 50 may be prohibited from completely aligning with the magnetcenter line 68 of the poles defined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b ofthe solenoid 26.

In addition, when the shutter blades 16 are in the closed position, thecenter line 70 may be even further out of alignment with the center line68 as shown in FIG. 9. In addition, the flat surface of the magnet 50defining the south pole S may be a distance d₁ from the operative face32 b of the solenoid 26, and the flat surface defining the north pole Nof the magnet 50 may be a distance d₂ from the operative face 32 a. Asshown in FIG. 9, in an exemplary embodiment the distance d₁ may besubstantially equivalent to the distance d₂ and the magnet 50 may remainsubstantially equidistant from the first and second operative faces 32a, 32 b while the magnet 50 moves in the direction of arrows 56, 58.

The solenoid 26 may be substantially similar to the solenoid 26discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1 through 3. In an exemplaryembodiment, the solenoid 26 may have any shape, size, and/or otherconfiguration known in the art. For example, the solenoid 26 may besubstantially square, substantially rectangular, substantially C-shaped,and/or any other configuration capable of controllably delivering anelectromagnetic charge. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 through 11, thesolenoid 26 may comprise a C-shaped core 30 defining a gap 34 betweenthe first operative face 32 a and the second operative face 32 b. Inaddition, the first operative face 32 a may face the second operativeface 32 b, and in such an embodiment, the electromagnetic flux lines ofthe solenoid 26 may travel substantially directly between the polesdefined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b.

As shown in FIGS. 1 through 3, the solenoid 26 may further comprise acoil of wire 28 wound around the core 30 and the wire 28 may beelectrically connected to the driver 38. For ease of illustration, thecoil of wire 28 and the driver 38 have been omitted from FIGS. 4 through11. Although not illustrated in FIGS. 4 through 11, it is understoodthat the number of turns and/or the length of the wire 28 may define theelectromagnetic strength of the poles defined by the operative faces 32a, 32 b of the solenoid 26, and the greater the number of turns (i.e.,the greater the length) of the coil 28, the more powerful the solenoid26.

With such a coil configuration, the solenoid 26 may be operable using amuch lower voltage than conventional electromagnets. In an exemplaryembodiment, the solenoid 26 may provide a relatively large magnetic fluxbetween the poles defined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b with arelatively low voltage being supplied thereto. For example, the solenoid26 may be operable utilizing less than 5 volts of electrical power and,in exemplary embodiments, the solenoid 26 may be operable utilizing lessthan 3 volts. Reducing and/or substantially minimizing the size of thegap 34 may assist in increasing the power of the solenoid 26. Thus, thedistances d₂, d₁ between the poles N, S of the magnet 50 and the polesdefined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26 may bedesirably as small as possible. In an exemplary embodiment, thedistances d₁, d₂ may be equal to, approximately, 0.125″ or less.

As discussed above, the magnet 50 may remain substantially equidistantfrom the first and second poles of the solenoid 26 as the magnet 50 isdrawn into and repelled from the gap 34. The polarity of each pole ofthe solenoid 26 may be controllably reversed by the driver 38 tocontrollably draw the magnet 50 into the gap 34 in a first magneticstate and controllably repel the magnet 50 from the gap 34 in a secondmagnetic state. As shown in at least FIGS. 5, 8, and 10, the magnet 50may be configured to travel along a substantially linear path, and thepath of the magnet 50 may be substantially coplanar with the solenoid26. The linear path of the magnet 50 may also be substantiallyperpendicular to a line, such as, for example, the centerline 68,connecting the poles defined by the operative faces 32 a, 32 b of thesolenoid 26.

The central axis 60 of the solenoid 26 may be substantially parallel tothe central axis 36 of the shutter opening 14 and, in an exemplaryembodiment, the central axis 60 may be co-linear with the central axis36. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 10, and 11, the solenoid 26 may beconfigured to draw the magnet 50 into the gap 34 along the plane 62 in adirection perpendicular to the central axis 60 of the solenoid 26.Likewise, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the solenoid 26 may be configuredto repel the magnet 50 from the gap 34 along the plane 62 andperpendicular to the central axis 60.

In such an exemplary embodiment, the magnet 50 may travel along a linearpath between the stops 64, 65, and this linear path may be substantiallycoplanar with the plane 62. Although not explicitly illustrated in FIGS.4 through 11, it is understood that this linear path may besubstantially defined by a channel and/or other structures or componentsof the base plate 12. For example, the stops 64, 65 may define at leasta portion of the path. It is understood that the path traveled by themagnet 50 may extend transverse to the gap 34 defined by the solenoid26. As will be described in greater detail below, the magnet 50 may beconfigured to move in the path in response to the polarities of thepoles defined by the first and second operative faces 32 a, 32 b.

In an additional exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, theshutter 200 may include one or more feedback sensors configured toassist in controlling the position of the magnet 50. The sensors 72, 74(FIGS. 5, 8, and 10) may comprise any type of electromagnetic and/orposition sensor known in the art. For example, the sensors 72, 74 maycomprise a hall effect sensor and a portion of the hall effect sensormay be mounted proximate the magnet 50. Exemplary mounting locations mayinclude positions above or below one or both of the stops 64, 65.Alternatively, the sensors 72, 74 may comprise a current sensorconfigured to sense the current traveling through the coil 28 of thesolenoid 26. In the exemplary embodiments discussed above, the driver 38may receive feedback signals produced by the one or more sensors 72, 74.The signals may be indicative of a change in current travelling throughthe solenoid 26 as a result of the position of the magnet 50 within thegap 34. The driver 38 may then alter the current directed to thesolenoid 26 to control the position of the magnet 50 within and/orotherwise relative to the gap 34.

In still another embodiment, the sensors 72, 74 may comprise amicromagnet mounted to one or more of the shutter blades 16 and acorresponding transponder mounted to a stationary component of theshutter 200 to detect the relative position of the micromagnet. In stilla further embodiment, the sensors 72, 74 may comprise a flag or otherstructure mounted to the magnet 50 and a corresponding sensor configuredto detect the position of the flag. In such exemplary embodiments, thedriver 38 may receive feedback from the one or more sensors 72, 74 basedon the change in position of the sensor components. In each of theembodiments discussed above, the feedback received from the sensors 72,74 may be utilized to detect and/or otherwise assist in controlling theposition of the magnet 50, thereby controlling the position of theshutter blades 16.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the shutter 200may be used to open and close shutter blades 16 in one or morephotographic device applications. For example, the shutter 200 may beutilized to expose photographic film to light for a desired period oftime, thereby forming an image on the film. In such an application, theshutter 200 may be a component utilized in a camera or other likephotographic device. As explained with respect to the figures describedabove, the driver 38 may direct an electrical current to the solenoid 26via the wire 28. The current directed to the solenoid 26 may form, forexample, a north pole at the operative face 32 a and a south pole at theoperative face 32 b, as shown in FIG. 9. In such an exemplaryembodiment, the north pole N of the magnet 50 may be repelled by thenorth pole of the operative face 32 a, and the south pole S of themagnet 50 may be repelled by the south pole defined by the operativeface 32 b. Thus, the magnet 50 may be at least partially repelled fromthe gap 34 and may be forced adjacent to the stop 64. Repelling themagnet 50 at least partially from the gap 34 may cause the plurality ofshutter blades 16 to achieve the closed position illustrated in FIG. 7.In particular, controlling the operative faces 32 a, 32 b to have thepolarities shown in FIG. 9 may repel the magnet 50 in the direction ofarrow 58 such that the knob 66 of the magnet 50 may travel in the slots54 defined by the shutter blades 16, in the direction of arrow 58,thereby closing the shutter blades 16. Each of the plurality of shutterblades 16 is movably connected to the pin 52 and, thus, movement of themagnet 50 in the direction of arrow 58 within the slot 54 may move theplurality of shutter blades 16 about the pin 52 to achieve the closedposition illustrated in FIG. 7.

To transition the shutter 200 to the open position illustrated in FIG.4, and thereby expose and/or otherwise open the shutter opening 14, thedriver 38 may be controlled to reverse the polarity of the poles of thesolenoid 26. In particular, the driver 38 may direct a current to thesolenoid 26 defining a south pole at the operative face 32 a and a northpole at the operative face 32 b. The south pole defined by the operativeface 32 a may attract the north pole N of the magnet 50 and the northpole defined by the operative face 32 b may attract the south pole S ofthe magnet 50. Accordingly, the magnet 50 may travel in the direction ofarrow 56 and may be drawn into the gap 34. Movement of the magnet 50into the gap 34 may be restricted by the stop 65. In particular, thestop 65 may prohibit the poles N, S of the magnet 50 from moving into aposition aligned with the poles defined by the first and secondoperative faces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26. As shown in at leastFIGS. 6 and 11, the stop 65 may be positioned to prohibit the centerline 70 of the poles N, S of the magnet 50 from aligning with the centerline 68 of the solenoid 26.

Drawing the magnet 50 at least partially into the gap 34 defined by thefirst and second poles of the solenoid 26 causes the plurality ofshutter blades 16 movably connected to the magnet 50 to achieve the openposition illustrated in FIG. 4. In particular, the knob 66 of the magnet50 may travel in the direction of arrow 56 within the slot 54 of theshutter blades 16 so as to substantially expose and/or otherwise openthe shutter opening 14. Each of the shutter blades 16 may also pivotand/or otherwise move about the pin 52 when transitioning between theopen and closed positions described herein.

As described above, in transitioning the shutter 200 between the openand closed positions, the magnet 50 may move in a path coplanar with thesolenoid 26 and substantially perpendicular to the central axis 60 ofthe solenoid 26 in response to the polarities of the first and secondpoles of the solenoid 26. Because the poles N, S of the magnet 50 areprohibited from moving into a position aligned with the first and secondpoles of the solenoid 26 when the magnet 50 is drawn into the gap 34,simply reversing the polarity of the poles defined by the operativefaces 32 a, 32 b of the solenoid 26 may provide ample electromagneticforce to effectively repel the magnet 50 from the gap 34. In analternative embodiment in which the poles N, S of the magnet 50 werepermitted to substantially align with the poles defined by the operativefaces 32 a, 32 b, simply reversing the polarity of the poles defined bythe operative faces 32 a, 32 b may not cause the magnet 50 to travel inthe direction of either arrow 56 or arrow 58. In such an exemplaryembodiment, an additional mechanism may be required to induce movementof the magnet 50 and/or the shutter blades 16.

Other embodiments of the disclosed shutter will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art from consideration of this specification. It isintended that this specification and examples be considered as exemplaryonly, with the true scope of the invention being indicated by thefollowing claims.

1. A shutter, comprising: at least one shutter blade; a magnetcontacting the at least one shutter blade; and a curved solenoiddefining a gap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoidconfigured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap in a first stateand to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state. 2.The shutter of claim 1, wherein the magnet travels along a linear pathcoplanar with the solenoid and perpendicular to a line between the firstand second poles of the solenoid.
 3. The shutter of claim 1, wherein thesolenoid lies in a plane substantially parallel to the at least oneshutter blade and defines a central axis perpendicular to the plane, thesolenoid configured to draw the magnet into the gap along the plane andperpendicular to the central axis.
 4. The shutter of claim 1, whereinthe solenoid comprises a C-shaped core and a coil of wire wound aroundthe core.
 5. The shutter of claim 1, wherein the first and second polesof the solenoid have opposite polarities.
 6. The shutter of claim 1,further comprising a solenoid driver configured to energize the solenoidin at least one of the first and second states and to change thepolarity of the first and second poles.
 7. The shutter of claim 1,further comprising a stop positioned to prohibit first and secondmagnetic poles of the magnet from moving into a position aligned withthe first and second poles of the solenoid, respectively.
 8. The shutterof claim 1, wherein drawing the magnet into the gap moves the at leastone shutter blade into an open position and repelling the magnet fromthe gap moves the at least one shutter blade into a closed position. 9.The shutter of claim 1, wherein the at least one shutter blade comprisesa slot, and a portion of the magnet engages the slot.
 10. The shutter ofclaim 9, wherein the at least one shutter blade is moveably connected toa pin, and movement of the magnet within the slot rotates the at leastone shutter blade about the pin between an open position and a closedposition.
 11. The shutter of claim 1, wherein the magnet remainssubstantially equidistant from the first and second poles of thesolenoid as the magnet is drawn into and repelled from the gap.
 12. Theshutter of claim 1, comprising a plurality of shutter blades.
 13. Theshutter of claim 1, further comprising a feedback sensor configured toassist in controlling the position of the magnet.
 14. The shutter ofclaim 13, wherein the feedback sensor produces a feedback signalindicative of a change in current travelling through the solenoid.
 15. Ashutter, comprising: a moveable magnet; a plurality of shutter bladesmoveably connected to the magnet and moveable between an open positionand a closed position; and a solenoid having a first face defining afirst pole, and a second face facing the first face and defining asecond pole, the solenoid lying in a plane substantially parallel to theplurality of shutter blades and defining a central axis perpendicular tothe plane, the magnet configured to move in a path coplanar with thesolenoid and substantially perpendicular to the central axis in responseto a change in polarity of at least one of the first and second poles.16. The shutter of claim 15, wherein the magnet remains substantiallyequidistant from the first and second poles of the solenoid duringmovement in the path.
 17. The shutter of claim 15, wherein a portion ofthe path is defined by a damper.
 18. The shutter of claim 15, furthercomprising a solenoid driver configured to change the polarity of thefirst and second poles.
 19. The shutter of claim 15, further including astop disposed in the path and configured to prevent a first and secondpole of the magnet from moving into a position aligned with the firstand second poles of the solenoid, respectively.
 20. The shutter of claim15, wherein the solenoid defines a gap between the first pole and thesecond pole, the path extending into and out of the gap.
 21. The shutterof claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of shutter blades comprises aslot, and a portion of the magnet is moveably disposed within each slot.22. The shutter of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality of shutterblades is moveably connected to a pin, and movement of the magnet withinthe slot rotates the plurality of shutter blades about the pin betweenthe open and closed positions.
 23. The shutter of claim 15, wherein thesolenoid comprises a C-shaped core and a coil of wire wound around thecore.
 24. A method of controlling a shutter, comprising: drawing aportion of a magnet into a gap defined by first and second poles of acurved solenoid, wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gapcauses a plurality of shutter blades contacting the magnet to move to anopen position; and repelling the portion of the magnet from the gap,wherein repelling the portion of the magnet from the gap causes theplurality of shutter blades to move to a closed position.
 25. The methodof claim 24, wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gapcomprises energizing the solenoid such that the first and second polesare oppositely polarized.
 26. The method of claim 24, further includingpreventing first and second magnetic poles of the magnet from movinginto a position aligned with the first and second poles of the solenoid,respectively.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the solenoid lies in aplane substantially parallel to the plurality of shutter blades anddefines a central axis perpendicular to the plane, drawing the portionof the magnet into the gap comprising guiding the magnet to travel alongthe plane and perpendicular to the central axis.
 28. The method of claim24, further including controlling a position of the magnet based on afeed-back signal indicative of a change in current traveling through thesolenoid.
 29. A shutter, comprising: a moveable magnet; at least oneshutter blade moveably connected to the magnet; and a solenoid defininga gap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoid configured tocontrollably draw the magnet into the gap in a first state and tocontrollably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state, whereinthe magnet travels along a linear path coplanar with the solenoid andperpendicular to a line between the first and second poles of thesolenoid.
 30. A shutter, comprising: a moveable magnet; at least oneshutter blade moveably connected to the magnet; and a solenoid defininga gap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoid configured tocontrollably draw the magnet into the gap in a first state and tocontrollably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state, whereinthe solenoid lies in a plane substantially parallel to the at least oneshutter blade and defines a central axis perpendicular to the plane, thesolenoid configured to draw the magnet into the gap along the plane andperpendicular to the central axis.
 31. A shutter, comprising: a moveablemagnet; at least one shutter blade moveably connected to the magnet; anda solenoid comprising a C-shaped core and a coil of wire wound aroundthe core, the solenoid defining a gap between a first pole and a secondpole, and configured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap in afirst state and to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in asecond state.
 32. A shutter, comprising: a moveable magnet; at least oneshutter blade moveably connected to the magnet; a solenoid defining agap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoid configured tocontrollably draw the magnet into the gap in a first state and tocontrollably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state; and asolenoid driver configured to energize the solenoid in at least one ofthe first and second states and to change the polarity of the first andsecond poles.
 33. A shutter, comprising: a moveable magnet; at least oneshutter blade moveably connected to the magnet; at least one shutterblade; a solenoid defining a gap between a first pole and a second pole,the solenoid configured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap ina first state and to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in asecond state; and a feedback sensor configured to assist in controllingthe position of the magnet.
 34. The shutter of claim 33, wherein thefeedback sensor produces a feedback signal indicative of a change incurrent travelling through the solenoid.
 35. A method of controlling ashutter, comprising: drawing a portion of a magnet into a gap defined byfirst and second poles of a solenoid, wherein drawing the portion of themagnet into the gap causes a plurality of shutter blades moveablyconnected to the magnet to move to an open position; and repelling theportion of the magnet from the gap, wherein repelling the portion of themagnet from the gap causes the plurality of shutter blades to move to aclosed position, wherein the solenoid lies in a plane substantiallyparallel to the plurality of shutter blades and defines a central axisperpendicular to the plane, and wherein drawing the portion of themagnet into the gap comprises guiding the magnet to travel along theplane and perpendicular to the central axis.
 36. A method of controllinga shutter, comprising: drawing a portion of a magnet into a gap definedby first and second poles of a solenoid, wherein drawing the portion ofthe magnet into the gap causes a plurality of shutter blades moveablyconnected to the magnet to move to an open position; repelling theportion of the magnet from the gap, wherein repelling the portion of themagnet from the gap causes the plurality of shutter blades to move to aclosed position; and controlling a position of the magnet based on afeed-back signal indicative of a change in current traveling through thesolenoid.
 37. A shutter, comprising: at least one shutter blade having aslot; a one-piece magnet having a knob engaging the slot; and a solenoiddefining a gap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoidconfigured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap in a first stateand to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state. 38.A shutter, comprising: at least one shutter blade; a magnet having aportion extending through the at least one shutter blade; and a solenoiddefining a gap between a first pole and a second pole, the solenoidconfigured to controllably draw the magnet into the gap in a first stateand to controllably repel the magnet from the gap in a second state. 39.A shutter, comprising: at least one shutter blade; a magnet, the atleast one shutter blade, and the magnet being slidably engaged with eachother; and a solenoid defining a gap between a first pole and a secondpole, the solenoid configured to controllably draw the magnet into thegap in a first state and to controllably repel the magnet from the gapin a second state.
 40. A shutter, comprising: at least one shutterblade; a magnet contacting the at least one shutter blade; and a curvedsolenoid defining a gap between a first pole and a second pole facingthe first pole, the solenoid configured to controllably draw the magnetinto the gap in a first state and to controllably repel the magnet fromthe gap in a second state.
 41. A shutter, comprising: at least oneshutter blade; a magnet contacting the at least one shutter blade; and asolenoid comprising a first face defining a first pole, a second facedefining a second pole, and a gap between the first pole and the secondpole, the solenoid configured to controllably draw the magnet into thegap in a first state and to controllably repel the magnet from the gapin a second state; the magnet traveling along a linear pathsubstantially parallel to the first and second poles of the solenoid.42. A method of controlling a shutter, comprising: drawing a portion ofa magnet into a gap defined by first and second poles of a solenoid,wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gap causes aplurality of shutter blades contacting the magnet to move to an openposition; and repelling the portion of the magnet from the gap, whereinrepelling the portion of the magnet from the gap causes the plurality ofshutter blades to move to a closed position, wherein at least one ofdrawing the portion of the magnet into the gap and repelling the portionof the magnet from the gap comprises moving the magnet along a pathsubstantially parallel to the first and second poles of the solenoid,wherein the first and second poles are defined by opposing faces of thesolenoid.
 43. A method of controlling a shutter, comprising: drawing aportion of a magnet into a gap defined by first and second poles of asolenoid, wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gap causesa plurality of shutter blades contacting the magnet to move to an openposition, the plurality of shutter blades and the magnet being slidablyengaged with each other; and repelling the portion of the magnet fromthe gap, wherein repelling the portion of the magnet from the gap causesthe plurality of shutter blades to move to a closed position.
 44. Amethod of controlling a shutter, comprising: drawing a portion of amagnet into a gap defined by first and second poles of a solenoid,wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gap causes aplurality of shutter blades contacting the magnet to move to an openposition, the magnet extending through at least one shutter blade of theplurality of shutter blades; and repelling the portion of the magnetfrom the gap, wherein repelling the portion of the magnet from the gapcauses the plurality of shutter blades to move to a closed position. 45.A method of controlling a shutter, comprising: drawing a portion of amagnet into a gap defined by first and second poles of a solenoid,wherein drawing the portion of the magnet into the gap causes aplurality of shutter blades contacting the magnet to move to an openposition, the magnet comprising a one-piece magnet defining a knob, andeach shutter blade of the plurality of shutter blades comprising a slot,the knob engaging each slot; and repelling the portion of the magnetfrom the gap, wherein repelling the portion of the magnet from the gapcauses the plurality of shutter blades to move to a closed position.